Definition
Worms is one of the parasites in humans and animals that are detrimental to human which is host to several types of intestinal worms which includes Nematodes. Most of the Nematode is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Among the artifacts intestinal Nematodes are a number of species transmission through the soil (Soil Transmitted Helminths) were the most common is Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale and Trichuris trichiura.
Worm infection or commonly called the worming included in infections caused by parasites. Parasites are small organisms that invade the body inangnyadengan by attaching themselves (either outside or inside the body) and take nutrients daritubuh host. In the case of worms, the worms can even weaken the host and cause health problems.
Worms usually occurs due to a lack of awareness of good hygiene to dirisendiri or to the environment. Worms can spread through larvae / eggs are swallowed and enter the body. Worms are invertebrate animals are oval-shaped and long berawaldari eggs / larvae to turn into a form of adult worms. The worms can be lived in menginfeksibagian any body like the skin, muscle, lung, or intestinal / digestive tract diseases intestinal worms, especially in children is often regarded as a disease that sepeleoleh most societies. Though the disease can reduce tingkatkesehatan child. Among other things, lead to anemia, decreased IQ, limp lifeless, sleepy, lazy activity and low weight.
cause
Diseases Worms in Indonesia caused by Ascaris Lumbricoides, Necator Americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale and Trichurus Trichura. Worms infection or disease can also be referred to as worms are closely related to the issue of hygiene and environmental sanitation. In Indonesia there are many thriving worm disease is the cause of personal hygiene are some people who are still lacking. Most worm disease transmitted by dirty hands. Dirty fingernails and long hands often terselipi worm eggs out of habit children play ground. Adults working in the garden, and paddy fields.
Risk Factors
Risk factors (risk factors) that may influence the occurrence of worms that spread through the ground, among others:
environment
Worms usually occur in the environment that kumuhterutama city or suburban area. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoidesbanyak found in urban areas, and the number of the highest prevalence found in rural areas or rural communities still largely living in poverty. [25]
land
The spread of disease through contaminated soil can of worms with faeces containing eggs of Trichuris trichiura, the egg grows in moist clay and soil with an optimum sushu ± 30-C. Clay with high humidity and temperatures between 250C-300C is very good for the development of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs to become infective form. While the growth of the larvae of Necator americanus which require an optimum temperature of 280C-320C and loose soil such as sand or humus, and for Ancylostoma duodenale lower at 230C-250C but generally stronger. [3]
climate
The spread of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura are tropical because the humidity level is high enough. As for Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale most widely spread hot and humid areas. Most suitable environment as a habitat with high temperature and humidity area, especially agriculture and mining). [17]
behavior
Influence the behavior of infection with worms that ditularkanlewat ground. Children are the most frequent disease trichinosis usually their fingers inserted into the mouth, or eat rice without washing hands. [14]
socioeconomic
Socio-economic factors affecting the occurrence of worms that is associated with poor sanitation low socioeconomic. [25]
Nutritional Status
Worms can affect intake (intake), gastrointestinal (digestive), absorption (absorption), and metabolism of food. Overall infection worms can cause malnutrition in the form of calories and can cause protein deficiency and loss of work and productivity, as well as large an effect can lower the body's defenses so easily affected by other diseases.
Types of Worms
Worms in humans too many kinds, there are roundworms, tapeworms and flatworms. Here are the types of worms:
Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides)
Colour: Pink or white
The size: 20-30 cm
Living in: Small Intestine
Transmission Method:
Eggs worms enter through the mouth
Hatch into larvae in the small intestine
Larvae are carried by the bloodstream to the lungs through the heart
When these larvae up to the throat and swallowed, they fit into the small intestine danmenjadi up there.
Roundworms can suck 0.14 grams of carbohydrates per day.
Whipworm (Tricuris trichiura)
Colour: Pink or gray
The size: 3-5 cm
Living in: Large Intestine
Transmission Method:
Swallowed worm eggs together with water or food
Hatch in the small intestine and colon lived in
Worm eggs out through the feces and if the egg is ingested, terulanglah this cycle.
MINE WORM (Ancylostomiasis)
Color: MerahBesarnya: 8-13 mm
Living in: small intestine
Transmission Method:
The larvae penetrate the skin of the foot
Larvae are carried by the bloodstream through the lungs that causes coughing
The larvae are ingested into adults in the small intestine where they anchor themselves to suck blood.
Hookworm is a worm infection is the most detrimental to health anak.Infeksi children hookworms can cause anemia (anemia). Hookworm blood dapatmengisap 10-12 milliliters per day.Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis)
Color: PutihBesarnya: 1 cm
Living in: Large Intestine
Transmission Method:
Female worms lay eggs at night in anus
The anus becomes itchy, scratching the anus carries the eggs of this worm spreads. Melaluikontak with beds, pillows, bed linen, clothes, pinworm eggs brought to tempatlain.
If these eggs were inedible, terunglah this cycle.
Symptoms - Symptoms of Worms
In particular:
Pinworms: Symptoms include intense itching around the anus or vulva (vulva). These symptoms will get worse at night when the worms kremibiasanya going out of the body surface to lay their eggs around the anus / vulva. Worms usually can be seen in the stool.
Roundworms: Usually no symptoms, although for this type of Toxocaracanisdapat cause vision problems when there is inflammation in the eye karenamenimbulkan and injuries to the retina of the eye. Roundworms also dapatberpindah to the lungs causing coughing and asthma, sertamenimbulkan swelling in other body organs.
Mine Worms: It can cause pain in the abdominal area. Tapeworm can cover the areas of muscle, skin, heart, eyes and brain.
In addition to the above, other symptoms that may arise are:
nausea
limp
Loss of appetite
Pain in the abdomen
diarrhea
The weight loss due to inadequate absorption of nutrients from food.
In further infection when worms had migrated from the intestine to organlain, causing damage to the organs and tissues, can be symptoms:
fever
A lump in the organs / tissues such
Can an allergic reaction to the larvae
bacterial infections
Seizures or symptoms of neurological disorders where the brain is affected organ.
impact
Worm rarely cause death directly, but greatly affects the quality of life of sufferers. Heavy roundworm infection will lead to malnutrition and impaired growth and development in children. Hookworm Infections (Ancylostoma duodenale danNecator americanus) result in iron deficiency anemia, are leading to high morbidity (Soedarto, 1999). Various studies have shown that most of the calories consumed by the human body is not used because of the presence of parasites in the body. In mild infections will lead to impaired absorption of nutrients approximately 3% of the calories ingested, in severe infections 25% of the calories ingested can not be utilized by the body. Ascaris lumbricoides infection can lead to prolonged protein-calorie deficiency and could be expected to result in a deficiency of Vitamin A. Trichuris trichiura infections frequently encountered severe blood diarrhea, weight loss and anemia. Diarrhea is generally heavy, while under 2.5 million red cells and hemoglobin 30% below normal. Severe anemia can occur due to Trichuris trichiura infection is able to suck the blood of about 0,005 ml / day / worm Hookworm infection generally take place in chronic, hookworm is already known as the blood-sucking. A hookworm is able to suck the blood of 0.2 ml per day. When severe infection occurs, then the patient will slowly lose blood and can cause severe anemia.
Children will experience a variety of psychological effects when they are exposed to worms. Psychological impact on the child occurs when the disease pinworms, the child will feel the itch in his anus at night so the child will cry and disturbed sleep time. In children suffering from diseases due Yag hookworm, Hookworm is a worm infection most detrimental to the health of children. Hookworm infection can cause anemia (anemia), so sianak will limp to move so disturbed daily activities, children's concentration and memory is decreased so that the child is difficult to digest the lessons at school.
Patients with intestinal worms among school children is also quite high. According to a survey ever conducted in Jakarta, especially in elementary school children (SD) mentions about 49.5 percent of the 3,160 students in 13 elementary apparently suffering from worms. Female students had a higher prevalence, ie 51.5 per cent compared to male students only 48.5 percent. Normally a student who is infected with the worm will experience a shortage of hemoglobin (Hb) to 12 g per cent, and will impact terhadapkemampuan blood carries oxygen to the various tissues of the body, including the brain. As a result, patients infected with worms decreased endurance and metabolism of brain tissue. In fact, in the long run, the patient will experience physical and intellectual weakness. Categories worm infection is determined from the number of worms contains. If the children had been infected with a worm, it will usually show symptoms of delays physical, mental and sexual.
Infection due to intestinal worms, as well as the resulting decline in the nutritional status of patients that cause decreased immune system, thus facilitating the occurrence of infectious diseases, including HIV / AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. This parasitic disease type small attention of government when compared to the HIV / AIDS who suck big enough budget, but all forms of the disease are equally important and the attitude of society itself also did not care for this type of disease.
Modes of Transmission
The worms enter the human body through food or drink contaminated worm eggs. Generally, stomach worms to live in the small intestine that contains a lot of food. Although there is also living in the large intestine. Worm disease transmission can be through a variety of ways, worm eggs can enter and stay in the human body. He can go through cooked food or drink contaminated water. If contaminated water is used to water the plants, the eggs onto the land. Once the water dries up, they stick to the dust grains. Eggs were riding in the dust can stick to the food and beverages sold on the roadside or fly to places that are often held by men. They can also move from one hand to another. Upon entry into the human intestine, the worms will multiply, forming colonies, and permeate depleted in nutrients. The worm steals nutrients, including protein to build brain.
Each one roundworms consuming 0.14 grams of carbohydrates per day and 0,035 proteins. Whipworm spent 0,005 millimeters of blood per day and drink 0.2 millimeters hookworm blood per day. If the hundreds, how much loss of nutrients and blood digeogotinya. An adult female roundworm can produce 200,000 eggs per day. When there are three in the belly of the tail, a day they can produce 600,000 eggs.
prevention
Wash hands before eating.
Budayakan habits and behaviors in yourself, children and families to wash their hands before eating. Will be nurtured with good habits when parents emulate. With wash hand feeding will eliminate entry of ova into the mouth as the first entry into the breeding of worms in our stomach.
Wear footwear when on the ground. Types of worms there stuff. How was the inclusion of diverse kinds, one of which was hookworm (Necator americanus or Ankylostoma duodenale). Both types of these worms enter through the larval worm that penetrates the skin on the feet, then walks up to the intestine through lymph channels trajectory. This event is often referred to as cutaneous larvae Migrants (of this name was the one we already know what it means; cutaneous: skin, larvae: larvae, migrant: switch). Well, after the larvae get to the intestines, where they grow up and continue to proliferate and suck human blood. Therefore you will be anemic. * Lha wong share blood and live worms
Scissors and clean nails regularly. Sometimes the worm eggs tucked between your nail and safely get into your intestines and established a colony there.
Do defecation and washing hands when washing. Every dirt well managed, including human waste. In our country there are many people who use the river to defecate. With this behavior, the dirt will be wildly awake, thus contaminating the environment. And, if the environment has been blackened, transmission often indiscriminately. People who have been keeping themselves clean as possible though still this worm parasite infestation.
Work in the garden planting or well. Take water is good for watering plants. So the water is always better then try the best possible environment. Keeping this nature including the part in caring kesehatan.
Care for the one with the environment, it will be able to take advantage of good results. If the water used is contaminated with human feces, it is not likely to survive the worm eggs in the petals of plants grown and brought to the dinner table.
Wash the vegetables well before it is processed. Wash the vegetables under running water. Why is that? Yes, so that the dirt will be carried over flowing water, in addition to the nutritional value of vegetables is not lost if washed under running water. How to cultivate good vegetables you can see in the article Intelligent processing Vegetables: Ensure availability Nutrition.
Be careful eating raw or undercooked foods, especially in areas where sanitation is poor. It should be noted also, raw food is not always bad. That must be considered is the cleanliness of food that we can eat food as fresh as possible so that the enzymes contained in the food we can feel the benefits. My review of the healthy raw food can be seen in this article Sundanese diet.
Dispose of animal waste your beloved pet such as a cat or dog in a special disposal
Prevention by taking anti-worm medication every 6 months, especially for those at high risk for infestation of worms, such as farmers, children who often play sand, farm workers, and mine workers (those who are too often associated with the ground.
Worms is one of the parasites in humans and animals that are detrimental to human which is host to several types of intestinal worms which includes Nematodes. Most of the Nematode is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Among the artifacts intestinal Nematodes are a number of species transmission through the soil (Soil Transmitted Helminths) were the most common is Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale and Trichuris trichiura.
Worm infection or commonly called the worming included in infections caused by parasites. Parasites are small organisms that invade the body inangnyadengan by attaching themselves (either outside or inside the body) and take nutrients daritubuh host. In the case of worms, the worms can even weaken the host and cause health problems.
Worms usually occurs due to a lack of awareness of good hygiene to dirisendiri or to the environment. Worms can spread through larvae / eggs are swallowed and enter the body. Worms are invertebrate animals are oval-shaped and long berawaldari eggs / larvae to turn into a form of adult worms. The worms can be lived in menginfeksibagian any body like the skin, muscle, lung, or intestinal / digestive tract diseases intestinal worms, especially in children is often regarded as a disease that sepeleoleh most societies. Though the disease can reduce tingkatkesehatan child. Among other things, lead to anemia, decreased IQ, limp lifeless, sleepy, lazy activity and low weight.
cause
Diseases Worms in Indonesia caused by Ascaris Lumbricoides, Necator Americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale and Trichurus Trichura. Worms infection or disease can also be referred to as worms are closely related to the issue of hygiene and environmental sanitation. In Indonesia there are many thriving worm disease is the cause of personal hygiene are some people who are still lacking. Most worm disease transmitted by dirty hands. Dirty fingernails and long hands often terselipi worm eggs out of habit children play ground. Adults working in the garden, and paddy fields.
Risk Factors
Risk factors (risk factors) that may influence the occurrence of worms that spread through the ground, among others:
environment
Worms usually occur in the environment that kumuhterutama city or suburban area. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoidesbanyak found in urban areas, and the number of the highest prevalence found in rural areas or rural communities still largely living in poverty. [25]
land
The spread of disease through contaminated soil can of worms with faeces containing eggs of Trichuris trichiura, the egg grows in moist clay and soil with an optimum sushu ± 30-C. Clay with high humidity and temperatures between 250C-300C is very good for the development of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs to become infective form. While the growth of the larvae of Necator americanus which require an optimum temperature of 280C-320C and loose soil such as sand or humus, and for Ancylostoma duodenale lower at 230C-250C but generally stronger. [3]
climate
The spread of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura are tropical because the humidity level is high enough. As for Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale most widely spread hot and humid areas. Most suitable environment as a habitat with high temperature and humidity area, especially agriculture and mining). [17]
behavior
Influence the behavior of infection with worms that ditularkanlewat ground. Children are the most frequent disease trichinosis usually their fingers inserted into the mouth, or eat rice without washing hands. [14]
socioeconomic
Socio-economic factors affecting the occurrence of worms that is associated with poor sanitation low socioeconomic. [25]
Nutritional Status
Worms can affect intake (intake), gastrointestinal (digestive), absorption (absorption), and metabolism of food. Overall infection worms can cause malnutrition in the form of calories and can cause protein deficiency and loss of work and productivity, as well as large an effect can lower the body's defenses so easily affected by other diseases.
Types of Worms
Worms in humans too many kinds, there are roundworms, tapeworms and flatworms. Here are the types of worms:
Roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides)
Colour: Pink or white
The size: 20-30 cm
Living in: Small Intestine
Transmission Method:
Eggs worms enter through the mouth
Hatch into larvae in the small intestine
Larvae are carried by the bloodstream to the lungs through the heart
When these larvae up to the throat and swallowed, they fit into the small intestine danmenjadi up there.
Roundworms can suck 0.14 grams of carbohydrates per day.
Whipworm (Tricuris trichiura)
Colour: Pink or gray
The size: 3-5 cm
Living in: Large Intestine
Transmission Method:
Swallowed worm eggs together with water or food
Hatch in the small intestine and colon lived in
Worm eggs out through the feces and if the egg is ingested, terulanglah this cycle.
MINE WORM (Ancylostomiasis)
Color: MerahBesarnya: 8-13 mm
Living in: small intestine
Transmission Method:
The larvae penetrate the skin of the foot
Larvae are carried by the bloodstream through the lungs that causes coughing
The larvae are ingested into adults in the small intestine where they anchor themselves to suck blood.
Hookworm is a worm infection is the most detrimental to health anak.Infeksi children hookworms can cause anemia (anemia). Hookworm blood dapatmengisap 10-12 milliliters per day.Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis)
Color: PutihBesarnya: 1 cm
Living in: Large Intestine
Transmission Method:
Female worms lay eggs at night in anus
The anus becomes itchy, scratching the anus carries the eggs of this worm spreads. Melaluikontak with beds, pillows, bed linen, clothes, pinworm eggs brought to tempatlain.
If these eggs were inedible, terunglah this cycle.
Symptoms - Symptoms of Worms
In particular:
Pinworms: Symptoms include intense itching around the anus or vulva (vulva). These symptoms will get worse at night when the worms kremibiasanya going out of the body surface to lay their eggs around the anus / vulva. Worms usually can be seen in the stool.
Roundworms: Usually no symptoms, although for this type of Toxocaracanisdapat cause vision problems when there is inflammation in the eye karenamenimbulkan and injuries to the retina of the eye. Roundworms also dapatberpindah to the lungs causing coughing and asthma, sertamenimbulkan swelling in other body organs.
Mine Worms: It can cause pain in the abdominal area. Tapeworm can cover the areas of muscle, skin, heart, eyes and brain.
In addition to the above, other symptoms that may arise are:
nausea
limp
Loss of appetite
Pain in the abdomen
diarrhea
The weight loss due to inadequate absorption of nutrients from food.
In further infection when worms had migrated from the intestine to organlain, causing damage to the organs and tissues, can be symptoms:
fever
A lump in the organs / tissues such
Can an allergic reaction to the larvae
bacterial infections
Seizures or symptoms of neurological disorders where the brain is affected organ.
impact
Worm rarely cause death directly, but greatly affects the quality of life of sufferers. Heavy roundworm infection will lead to malnutrition and impaired growth and development in children. Hookworm Infections (Ancylostoma duodenale danNecator americanus) result in iron deficiency anemia, are leading to high morbidity (Soedarto, 1999). Various studies have shown that most of the calories consumed by the human body is not used because of the presence of parasites in the body. In mild infections will lead to impaired absorption of nutrients approximately 3% of the calories ingested, in severe infections 25% of the calories ingested can not be utilized by the body. Ascaris lumbricoides infection can lead to prolonged protein-calorie deficiency and could be expected to result in a deficiency of Vitamin A. Trichuris trichiura infections frequently encountered severe blood diarrhea, weight loss and anemia. Diarrhea is generally heavy, while under 2.5 million red cells and hemoglobin 30% below normal. Severe anemia can occur due to Trichuris trichiura infection is able to suck the blood of about 0,005 ml / day / worm Hookworm infection generally take place in chronic, hookworm is already known as the blood-sucking. A hookworm is able to suck the blood of 0.2 ml per day. When severe infection occurs, then the patient will slowly lose blood and can cause severe anemia.
Children will experience a variety of psychological effects when they are exposed to worms. Psychological impact on the child occurs when the disease pinworms, the child will feel the itch in his anus at night so the child will cry and disturbed sleep time. In children suffering from diseases due Yag hookworm, Hookworm is a worm infection most detrimental to the health of children. Hookworm infection can cause anemia (anemia), so sianak will limp to move so disturbed daily activities, children's concentration and memory is decreased so that the child is difficult to digest the lessons at school.
Patients with intestinal worms among school children is also quite high. According to a survey ever conducted in Jakarta, especially in elementary school children (SD) mentions about 49.5 percent of the 3,160 students in 13 elementary apparently suffering from worms. Female students had a higher prevalence, ie 51.5 per cent compared to male students only 48.5 percent. Normally a student who is infected with the worm will experience a shortage of hemoglobin (Hb) to 12 g per cent, and will impact terhadapkemampuan blood carries oxygen to the various tissues of the body, including the brain. As a result, patients infected with worms decreased endurance and metabolism of brain tissue. In fact, in the long run, the patient will experience physical and intellectual weakness. Categories worm infection is determined from the number of worms contains. If the children had been infected with a worm, it will usually show symptoms of delays physical, mental and sexual.
Infection due to intestinal worms, as well as the resulting decline in the nutritional status of patients that cause decreased immune system, thus facilitating the occurrence of infectious diseases, including HIV / AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. This parasitic disease type small attention of government when compared to the HIV / AIDS who suck big enough budget, but all forms of the disease are equally important and the attitude of society itself also did not care for this type of disease.
Modes of Transmission
The worms enter the human body through food or drink contaminated worm eggs. Generally, stomach worms to live in the small intestine that contains a lot of food. Although there is also living in the large intestine. Worm disease transmission can be through a variety of ways, worm eggs can enter and stay in the human body. He can go through cooked food or drink contaminated water. If contaminated water is used to water the plants, the eggs onto the land. Once the water dries up, they stick to the dust grains. Eggs were riding in the dust can stick to the food and beverages sold on the roadside or fly to places that are often held by men. They can also move from one hand to another. Upon entry into the human intestine, the worms will multiply, forming colonies, and permeate depleted in nutrients. The worm steals nutrients, including protein to build brain.
Each one roundworms consuming 0.14 grams of carbohydrates per day and 0,035 proteins. Whipworm spent 0,005 millimeters of blood per day and drink 0.2 millimeters hookworm blood per day. If the hundreds, how much loss of nutrients and blood digeogotinya. An adult female roundworm can produce 200,000 eggs per day. When there are three in the belly of the tail, a day they can produce 600,000 eggs.
prevention
Wash hands before eating.
Budayakan habits and behaviors in yourself, children and families to wash their hands before eating. Will be nurtured with good habits when parents emulate. With wash hand feeding will eliminate entry of ova into the mouth as the first entry into the breeding of worms in our stomach.
Wear footwear when on the ground. Types of worms there stuff. How was the inclusion of diverse kinds, one of which was hookworm (Necator americanus or Ankylostoma duodenale). Both types of these worms enter through the larval worm that penetrates the skin on the feet, then walks up to the intestine through lymph channels trajectory. This event is often referred to as cutaneous larvae Migrants (of this name was the one we already know what it means; cutaneous: skin, larvae: larvae, migrant: switch). Well, after the larvae get to the intestines, where they grow up and continue to proliferate and suck human blood. Therefore you will be anemic. * Lha wong share blood and live worms
Scissors and clean nails regularly. Sometimes the worm eggs tucked between your nail and safely get into your intestines and established a colony there.
Do defecation and washing hands when washing. Every dirt well managed, including human waste. In our country there are many people who use the river to defecate. With this behavior, the dirt will be wildly awake, thus contaminating the environment. And, if the environment has been blackened, transmission often indiscriminately. People who have been keeping themselves clean as possible though still this worm parasite infestation.
Work in the garden planting or well. Take water is good for watering plants. So the water is always better then try the best possible environment. Keeping this nature including the part in caring kesehatan.
Care for the one with the environment, it will be able to take advantage of good results. If the water used is contaminated with human feces, it is not likely to survive the worm eggs in the petals of plants grown and brought to the dinner table.
Wash the vegetables well before it is processed. Wash the vegetables under running water. Why is that? Yes, so that the dirt will be carried over flowing water, in addition to the nutritional value of vegetables is not lost if washed under running water. How to cultivate good vegetables you can see in the article Intelligent processing Vegetables: Ensure availability Nutrition.
Be careful eating raw or undercooked foods, especially in areas where sanitation is poor. It should be noted also, raw food is not always bad. That must be considered is the cleanliness of food that we can eat food as fresh as possible so that the enzymes contained in the food we can feel the benefits. My review of the healthy raw food can be seen in this article Sundanese diet.
Dispose of animal waste your beloved pet such as a cat or dog in a special disposal
Prevention by taking anti-worm medication every 6 months, especially for those at high risk for infestation of worms, such as farmers, children who often play sand, farm workers, and mine workers (those who are too often associated with the ground.
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